What is Genu Valgum (X Leg)?
Genu valgum is a lower extremity deformity characterized by the knees bending inward by approaching each other and the ankles remaining outside. This condition is considered physiological in children between 3-5 years of age. However, curvatures that persist or increase after the age of 5 may be pathologic.
Which Underlying Conditions?
- Blount’s disease
- Metabolic bone diseases (e.g. rickets)
- Genetic predisposition
- Neuromuscular diseases
Over time, children begin to bump their knees while walking, walking is severely impaired, they fall frequently, and reluctance to activities may develop. If not recognized early, it can lead to loss of cartilage in the inner part of the knee and early arthrosis (calcification) at a later age.
How do we decide on treatment?
- Mild angulations are followed
- In moderate curvatures, hemiepiphysiodesis surgery can be performed to direct growth
- Corrective osteotomy (bone correction) surgery may be required in advanced angulations
The child’s bone age, growth potential and gait analysis results are taken into account in surgical planning. Regular follow-up is of great importance in order not to miss the most appropriate time for intervention.
